How well does inbreeding computed from pedigree data reflect actual heterozygosity determined from DNA? Inbred dogs that appear in both the dam and sire side of the pedigree are referred to as cross duplicates. Jul 30, 2017 - Whelping forms and other printable record keeping charts for breeders are essential to monitor the weight and health of a litter of newborn puppies. Incestuous crosses resulting in offspring with coefficients of inbreeding above 12.5% should not be performed; these include parent-offspring, brother-sister, grandparent-grandchild, half-brother-half-sister matings. Genetic coefficient of inbreeding (COI) is the most accurate method for measuring inbreeding. the mating of two dogs that are closely related to each other genetically, such as Do not forget to reinitialize the calculator between calculations by pressing the Reset button. Some of the following charts and calculations have been contributed by a geneticist friend, John B. Cole, Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota. Copyright © 2021 Pedigree Online, Inc. All rights reserved. It is important to note that ancestors in common within a parental pedigree are not utilized in the calculation, only ancestors in common between the parental pedigrees. It’s a little known fact that there are lots of dogs out there who are rather inconveniently choosy about who they’ll tango with. Two reasons: Inbreeding will help cement ‘good’ traits but there’s a danger of it also cementing bad ones. Pedigree Online's dog pedigree database is the largest collection of dog pedigrees from around the world. Her temperature will drop from a normal 37.9 – 38.2°Celsius (100.2-100.8°Farenheit) to around 36.7 – 37.4° Celsius (98-99.4°Farenheit) within 24 – 48 hours of labor. Inbreeding consists of mother to son, father to daughter, brother to sister, etc. What are inbreeding highlights in dog pedigrees? Below is a dog life expectancy chart sorted by the most popular registered breeds from the past decade 1. To get a true picture of how inbred a certain dog is, then, you should go back at least five generations and ideally ten. Contact the principal author at for permission to quote. The relative position of common ancestors between the two parental pedigrees is important for the function of the calculator. This further simplification may result in an underestimation of the absolute value of the inbreeding coefficient calculated for a given animal, however this should not interfere with conclusions made when comparing pedigrees and potential mating partners when performing virtual crosses. Unlike pedigree based COI calculations, genetic COI evaluates the actual pieces of DNA in your dog to identify which proportion traces back to inbreeding. The Inbreeding Calculator is provided as a tool for breeders and is the result of the vision and implementation of Benoit Bouchard, MsEng, a long-time breeder of Pug dogs, in collaboration with Labgenvet and with the help and consultation of Dr. This website offers complex dog pedigree reports and knowing how to read them and understanding what everything means in a pedigree can really help you out. How do I read a dog pedigree chart? If you hover over any of the colored boxes, you may see a message that looks like this: 4S x 3s x 5D. Finding the perfect dog breed for you and your family can be a tough task. Inbred dogs might have an apparent "lack of vigor," or fitness. Only the Sloughi is less than 6%, and the Chihuahua, Jack Russell Terrier, Tibetan Mastiff, and Spanish Water Dog are less than 12%. Inbreeding is specifically catagorized as mother to son, father to daughter, brother to sister. Some of the additional information that might be displayed in the pop-up includes color, markings, date of birth, date of death, birth country, current country, show titles, performance titles, and registry number. How can I find information on a specific dog breed? As you go further back, in most instances, the COI is likely to rise. Inbreeding coefficient IC (other abbreviation used in literature: WIC, IK, COI, FX, F ) can theoretically range from 0 to 100%, and shows the degree of relationship between the perspective parent dogs and indicates the possibility that two alleles of a gene are completely alike with another dog in the pedigree, i.e. Press the… How can I find information on a specific dog breed. For comparison, mating of first cousins produces a COI of 6.25%; in many societies this is considered incest and is forbidden by law). The relative position of an ancestor in common between the paternal and maternal pedigrees is important for the proper functioning of the calculator. On the other hand, an elevated inbreeding coefficient will increase the chances that desirable traits associated with the breed in question will be fixed. Modern English Bulldogs are a far cry from their bull-baiting predecessors. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from expression of deleterious or recessive traits resulting from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity. Why are high COIs considered a problem? White, Black, and Dark Brown Striped. Health information might include height, weight, hip and elbow rating, and breeding status (intact or neutered). Raising puppies is a full-time job. If the father is represented by position 1 in Pedigree A then the mother will be represented by position 16 in Pedigree B. Alternatively, if the mother is represented by position 1 in Pedigree A then the father will be represented by position 16 in Pedigree B. The calculator is based on four generations of ancestors (parents, grandparents, great-grand parents and great-great-grandparents), including 30 ancestors in total, using a simplified version of the formula proposed by Sewell Wright for calculating inbreeding coefficients: In order to further simplify the process, a number is used to designate a specific animal within the pedigree, rather than the complete name of the animal which can be cumbersome. Correct spelling is critical, as this program uses the names to identify duplicate ancestors. For the first parental pedigree (Pedigree A, with ancestors numbered 1 to 15), the numbers are fixed and the parent (animal #1) can be the father or the mother of the offspring in question. Mating problems in dogs are the other big frustration. The deleterious effects associated with inbreeding start to be seen when the coefficient of inbreeding is higher than 5%, which is just below the value obtained for the offspring of a mating between two cousins (=6.25%). Three Color Coats. Any dog that wins an impressive title, in the show ring or in a sport or activity, is likely to be in high demand as a stud. You can run your mouse over these icons to view photos or additional information for the dog who's pedigree is being viewed. inbreeding depression) will start to be evident. On the other hand, Visum von Arminius (another highlighted inbred) only appears in Dux della Valcuvia's pedigree and thus he isn't a cross duplicate. Inbreeding occurs in a pedigree when the same dog appears twice through different offspring. If you scroll to the bottom of this page, you'll find the pedigree for the German Shepherd Quantum von Arminius. The Inbreeding Calculator is provided to breeders as a simple and rapid tool for calculating the inbreeding coefficient of an animal based on its pedigree. What kind of reports does Pedigree Online offer for dog ancestry and lineage? Guy Labbé, DVM. For the second parental pedigree (Pedigree B, with ancestors numbered 16 to 30), the numbers can be changed to match common ancestors found in the first parental pedigree. In this version of the calculator, the inbreeding coefficient of the potential offspring resulting from the virtual breeding of the proposed parents is calculated based on common ancestors between the two parental pedigrees; common ancestors within parental pedigrees are not considered. Your animal is represented as animal 1 in the upper parental pedigree (Pedigree A, with animals 1 to 15) and can be either the potential father or mother. Borderline inbreeding is grandparent to grandchild and half brother to half sister (so dogs who share the same, say, father but a different mother). These award titles will generally be shown as an abbreviation either just before or following the dogs name and are specific per organization (such as AKC) or by the dog's breed. The 'VA' stands for 'Vorzuglich Auslese' (or 'Excellent Select' in English) and indicates the highest attainable award by a German show dog, only given out at the annual Sieger Show in Germany. The dog's sex, breed and whelping date will be displayed (in that order) to the right of the dog's name and performance titles, the extra information, which is shown in a pop-up by hovering over the circular 'i' icon, and lastly any photos the dog might have which are displayed in a pop-up by hovering over the 'image' icon. Our pedigree reports will show inbred dogs by placing a colored bar to the right of names inside an ancestor's pedigree cell. In Quantum von Arminius's pedigree, Ica vom Haus Reiterland appears twice, once in Dux della Valcuvia's pedigree (1st Generation Sire) and once in Only vom Wutachtal's pedigree (1st Generation Dam). The Inbreeding Calculator is provided as a tool for breeders and is the result of the vision and implementation of Benoit Bouchard, MsEng, a long-time breeder of Pug dogs, in collaboration with Labgenvet and with the help and consultation of Dr. During the first couple of weeks the … In a similar fashion, female animal numbers from Pedigree A (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15) should only replace female positions in Pedigree B (18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30). Get started finding pedigree and ancestry information for any dog in our database by entering the dog's name in the header search form. Pedigree Dog Inbreeding: The Devastating Bulldog Changes. The numbers in the lower parental pedigree are changed to reflect common ancestors with the pedigree of your animal. Dog Breed Chart. How do I print a pedigree report? Why is this important? The top 25 that we include here are from the AKC’s recent list. White, Black, and Brown Striped. Inbreeding occurs in a pedigree when the same dog appears twice through different offspring. To calculate the inbreeding coefficient for a given animal, the paternal pedigree (Pedigree A, representing ancestors 1 to 15) is compared to the maternal pedigree (Pedigree B, representing ancestors 16 to 30). Inbreeding Calculator Pedigree A represents the pedigree of the first parent (father or mother). The ultimate goal of inbreeding is to fix and preserve the traits that the breeder is looking for by increasing homozygosity in the dog’s genetic pool. @ericdrowell. In practice it is recommended to chose crosses that will result in offspring that have reduced coefficients of inbreeding compared to the average of the breed in question. Understand the Commitment. This chart makes it easier. Insert ancestor names in the pedigree form below, then press the "Calculate" button to get the inbreeding coefficient and breakdown. Remember to reinitialize the calculator between calculations by pressing the Reset button. It must be stated that an inbreeding coefficient is just one tool amongst many others available to breeders to help them in making breeding decisions. Imagine: You’ve got your ducks in a row in your timing in the reproductive dog breeding cycle, but they won’t “do it”. White, Black, and Tan Striped. Inbreeding chart. Breeders are responsible for having an adequate understanding of inbreeding coefficients and for a judicious use of the calculator. The bars are color coded so that you can quickly find matching sets of dogs. How do I read a siblings report? An elevated inbreeding coefficient for an animal indicates that the undesirable effects of inbreeding (i.e. White, Black, and Light Brown Striped. The reason it's important is that inbreeding is only a factor when both the sire and dam have similar ancestors and the subject dog can have matching sets of chromosomes (alleles) from specific ancestors. they originate from the doubling of an allele in one of the ancestors. Breeders must always be aware of hidden genetic positive and negative effects. Black, Dark Brown, and Tan Striped. Disclaimer: Pedigree information contained herein is provided by others. Brief Instructions: Change the ancestor numbers in Pedigree B (ancestors 16 to 30) to correspond to common ancestors in Pedigree A (ancestors 1 to 15). The 'SCHH3' following Quantum von Arminius's name above the pedigree chart indicates that the dog was awarded a Working Title of 'Masters level of Schutzhund tracking, obedience, and protection'. Evidently, for ancestors in common between the two pedigrees, male animal numbers from Pedigree A (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14) should only replace male positions in Pedigree B (17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27 and 29). In this version of the calculator, the inbreeding coefficient is calculated based on common ancestors found between the two parental pedigrees but does not consider common ancestors within parental pedigrees. In Quantum von Arminius's pedigree, you will see the name is prefixed with 'VA2'. Quantum von Arminius's pedigree has a fair amount of inbreeding in it. The following '2' indicates the dog. There are perhaps 20 breeds with inbreeding of less than 25%, and the rest are 25% or more. What are inbreeding highlights in dog pedigrees? A popular myth that surrounds the dogs facial appearance is that the folds of skin are said to channel away the bull’s blood from the dog’s eyes. The animal that you are considering as a potential breeding partner is represented by animal 16 in the lower parental pedigree (Pedigree B, with animals 16 to 30). We have photos, additional information, and medical information for many dogs in the database. Pedigree B represents the pedigree of the second parent (mother or father). This is because she only appears through her daughter Ica vom Haus Reiterland (in the 4th generation) and no other dogs in the pedigree. On Pedigree Online, you can choose to highlight the cross duplicates in a pedigree or all of the inbred dogs by selecting a value from the "Highlights" dropdown in the report menu above the pedigree chart. It is advised to maintain a coefficient of inbreeding that is below 10% which should allow a number of desired traits to be fixed without allowing the undesirable effects of inbreeding to become too pronounced. Inbreeding levels above 10% will have significant effects not just on the quality of the offspring, but there will also be detrimental effects on the breed. Our pedigree reports will show inbred dogs by placing a colored bar to the right of names inside an ancestor's pedigree cell. This favoring of specific breeding animals in purebred dogs has meant that many members of a breed were then excluded. Quantum von Arminius's pedigree has a fair amount of inbreeding in it. Introduction Jay Lush, father of modern animal breeding, stated that variation is the raw material with which breeder works. Note that in Pedigree A, positions 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 are marked by blue rectangles and represent male animals while positions 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 are marked by pink rectangles and represent female animals. Inbred females tend to give birth to smaller litters, with a higher incidence of birth defects among the puppies. What kind of reports does Pedigree Online offer for dog ancestry and lineage? 0% = a dog with two apparently unrelated parents (based on all available pedigree information) 12.5% = the genetic equivalent of a dog produced from a grandfather to granddaughter mating, or the mating of a half-brother/sister; 25% = the genetic equivalent of a dog produced from a father to daughter mating, or the mating of full-brother/sister 2017 Popularity Rank. How do I read a dog offspring report? A very popular pedigree dog breeding practice involves the prolific use of popular sires. This tool allows you to calculate the inbreeding coefficient of a pedigree. Guy Labbé, DVM. In a similar fashion, in Pedigree B, positions 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27 and 29 represent male animals while positions 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 represent female animals. The CI tells us the proportion of genes for which the inbred ancestor is likely to be … The following '2' indicates the dog finished second runner up in the show. INBREEDING sets type and simplifies goals. ... Dog Breed Life Expectancy Chart. it's produced so many problems through the narrowing of the gene pool to try and select for desired traits and the result has actually been Figure 2 illustrates how Brackett would approach breeding a hypotical bitch called "A". Search for a dog Enter the registered name, registered number or stud book number of the dog you want to look up. This will provide you with an early warning of the birth. White, Dark Brown, and Tan Striped. Inbreeding can reduce the lifespan of canines. Data consisted of 289 569 dogs, of which 36 924 dogs also had a record for hip and/or elbow dysplasia screening. Blank fields will be ignored. Purebred dogs with little inbreeding in their pedigrees might live years longer than inbred canines of the same breed. the highest attainable award by a German show dog, only given out at the annual Sieger Show in Germany. Enjoy! Each ancestor that's inbred will show up with the same colored box in the pedigree chart so that you can easily spot duplicate animals in the pedigree. If a number of breeding possibilities are available that will reduce the average inbreeding coefficient within the offspring compared to the breed average, then ideally the breeding that will result in the lowest inbreeding coefficient while still maintaining the desired traits for the breed is recommended. These will be noted above the pedigree chart with small icons (photo info medkit). Calculate the inbreeding coefficient of a possible offspring resulting from a virtual cross. The relative position of an ancestor in common between the paternal and maternal pedigrees is important for the proper functioning of the calculator. Linebreeding is a form of inbreeding and while there is no clear rule separating both terms, linebreeding commonly denotes breeding among related individuals from the same family or bloodline such as aunt to nephew, first or second cousins, uncle to niece, etc.. Why Is Linebreeding In Dogs Used For? Link to : Dog Genetics 4.0: Evolution, Breeds, Breeding Strategies and Inbreeding, © 2021 Labgenvet / Tous droits réservés / All Rights Reserved, Dog Genetics 3.0: Simple Genetic Diseases, Dog Genetics 4.0: Evolution, Breeds, Breeding strategies and Inbreeding, Dog Genetics 4.1: Inbreeding Calculator, Detailed Instructions and Interpretation, Veterinary Continuing Education – Dog Genetics Demystified, Cat Genetics 4.0: Evolution, Breeds, Breeding Strategies and Inbreeding, Cat Genetics 4.1: Inbreeding Calculator, Detailed Instructions and Interpretation, Horse Genetics 4.0: Evolution, Breeds, Breeding Strategies and Inbreeding, Horse Genetics 4.1: Inbreeding Calculator, Detailed Instructions and Interpretation, Laboratory of Veterinary Genetics " For the genetic improvement of our domestic animals ", www.thekennelclub.org.uk/services/public/mateselect/, Dog Genetics 4.0: Evolution, Breeds, Breeding Strategies and Inbreeding, Cat Genetic Profile – Feline Blood Groups, Canine Disease Profile – PRA-Type-1 Papillons, Canine Disease Profile – Degenerative Myelopathy (DM), Canine Disease Profile – Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, Canine Disease Profile – Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR1). Inbreeding. White, Dark Brown, and Light Brown Striped. It is designed to be helpful in performing virtual breeding trials as an aid in making management decisions. The positions of the parents are marked by yellow rectangles. The Stick Dog Color Chart pedigree described in Battaglia's book, Breeding Better Dogs is used to illustrate Brackett's approach. Inbreeding is a process that intensifies the animal’s traits and characteristics, both good and bad, at each and every generation. For breeders, it is a useful way of fixing traits in a breed—the pedigrees of some exhibition dogs show that many of their forebears are closely related. Notice in Quantum von Arminius's pedigree below that there are colored bars next to Visum von Arminius, Ica vom Haus Reiterland, Fedor von Arminius, Uran vom Wildsteiger Land, and Odin von Tannenmeise. Our inbreeding calculators use all our pedigree records to calculate the degree of inbreeding for individual dogs or for the future puppies of two potential mates. Thus, the inbreeding coefficient can be viewed as a compromise. Inbreeding is the mating together of closely related dogs, for example mother/son, father/daughter and sibling/sibling matings. While Pedigree Online believes the information to be accurate, it does not guarantee its accuracy and assumes no liability to anyone for error. We'll be using this pedigree as an example so you can follow along: If a dog or in some cases if one or more of the dog's ancestors has performed in a past competition and received an award, indication of such awards might be displayed next to a dog's pedigree next to the dog's name just above the pedigree chart. Dark Brown and Apricot Striped. All of these inbred dogs appear more than once in the pedigree through different offspring. Willis (1989) indicates that the farther back linebreeding is in a pedigree the less intensive it will be, pointing out that a dog appearing 12 times (out of a possible 32) in the 6 th generation of a pedigree would have a Coefficient of Inbreeding (CI) of only 1.8% (by comparison, a sire to granddaughter cross has a CI of 12.5%). As mentioned above, these title abbreviations will vary between different organizations, competitions, and breeds. The aims of this study were to examine population structure and inbreeding trend in six dog breeds in Finland and to assess the inbreeding depression for hip and elbow dysplasia. Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. The stick dog pedigree illustrates how the strengths, weaknesses and trends in a pedigree can be recorded and then easily coded. Notice that Afra vom Haus Reiterland also appears more than once in the pedigree (5th generation), yet she doesn't have a colored bar next to her name.